Description of premenstrual syndrome
As the name says, this syndrome occurs in women in the period shortly before menstruation.Menstruation is a period that lasts about a week is one of the phases of the menstrual cycle. The cycle begins in a woman’s life about 13 to 15 year, ending around 45th-50th year and describes cyclic changes in the mucosa of the uterus. After the 45th to 50th In no woman can not get pregnant because simultaneously with the end of menstrual cycle ends and the cycle ovariární, but it can also be sexually active. Ovariární cycle describes changes in the ovaries, which are related with the development of the egg, and then releasing hormonal changes.
Phase of the menstrual cycle is three.
The first phase of the menstrual cycle is the proliferative phase. During this period increases the endometrium (lining of the outermost layer of the uterus) which during the growth form glands. This phase lasts approximately 10 to 12 days.
The second phase of menstrual cycle, secretory phase. When the glands are stimulated endometrial pregesteronem hormone that is produced in the ovaries called the corpus luteum (the corpus luteum), to produce glycoproteins. They are intended to ensure proper nutrition for egg. This phase lasts about 12 to 15 days.
The third phase of the menstrual cycle is menstruční phase. This can have two variants. Either an egg and fertilize it settles in the endometrium of the uterus (this process is known as implantation).The endometrium is maintained. If the released ovum fertilization occurred, the endometrium is separated, the blood vessels that supplied it, die, and there is menstručnímu bleeding. This phase lasts 3-5 days.
For a better calculation counts that mentruační cycle lasts 28 days. The cycle initially starts menstruation, when the lining of the uterus is washed away together with the menstrual blood, and runs 1 to 4 of the cycle. From the 4th day grows mucosa in the proliferative phase, which is the 14th day replaced secretory phase. After the turn, menstruation occurs (unless fertilized egg) and the cycle repeats regularly.
Since each phase mentruačního cycle is affected by different levels žesnských sex hormones (estrogen and progestogen) between the individual phases may be different sizes hormonal imbalance. And that is often cited as the cause of the syndrome premenstrual tension. This syndrome suffer most girls who are just beginning to menstruate. Mainly due to better diet and better social conditions occur in girls for the first menstuaci has between 12 to 15 year. In adulthood, this syndrome also occurs. Research shows that it suffer in varying degrees to about 40% of women in our population. Can cause a variety of physical problems, has an impact on the emotions and the overall psychological state.
Main symptoms of premenstrual syndrome stress appear about two weeks prior to menstruation,at a time of transition from proliferative phase to secretory phase. During this transition decreases estrogen levels and increases levels of progesterone, and therefore may take some time before the concentration of hormones in the blood, stabilize.
Risk factors of premenstrual syndrome
The risk factor may be inadequate nutrition, especially with a small proportion of iron. Hazards are also blood clotting disorders. Because premenstrual tension syndrome affects the emotion and psychological state, and may be a risk of psychological or psychiatric disease, anxiety, depression, and other similar problems.
Preventing premenstrual syndrome
Because the menstrual cycle is controlled by sensitive to hormonal mechanisms, it is difficult to directly influence preventively. But it is possible to promote menstruation adequate fluid intakeand proper diet. During each menstrual period is lost about 50-90 ml of blood. It is therefore appropriate to supplement her income loss of iron from green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale), or red meat. Each woman but she knows best what has difficulties in menstruation, and therefore should seek out this period as pleasant as possible so that the problems have been minimized. This also alleviates stress, which can also promote the development of premenstrual syndrome.
At a time when premenstrual tension does not show a good exercise and strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. The woman will not only reduce the risk of developing the disease, but also improve their physical and partly mental condition.
Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome
In this syndrome, the symptoms are quite diverse and highly dependent on the woman. Some describe only mild effects, others would prefer the period spent at home in bed. Generally, however, they are often included among symptoms such as fatigue problems, the pressure in the lower abdomen and cramps and headaches. The syndrome can also affect the psychological well-being, so may appear gradually and slight depression, irritability and change in sexual desire. Some women also have swelling of the legs or muscle spasms. These symptoms can also be present in the actual menstruation, to which, however, occur after premenstrual tension.
Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome
Because they are not exactly known cause of the disease (often cited is just a hormonal imbalance or stress), it is not possible to effectively treat this syndrome. Usually, it is therefore recommendedpeace. However, if the difficulties are too uncomfortable, it is usually treated leading symptom.Many women who suffer from this disorder, amounted to alleviate the difficulties hormonal contraception. Its main function is to protect against unplanned pregnancy. In this solution the woman receives every day during cycle tablet with some hormones. Their concentration in the individual tablets according to the periods of the menstrual aa ovarian cycle varies. During menstruation contraception is discontinued. It should be borne in mind, however, that the treatment of premenstrual syndrome hormonal contraception is not suitable when a woman to become pregnant.
How can I help myself
Every woman knows best what her best during this period will help. Some calm, some other physical activity. Generally, it is appropriate to complement the fluid and reduce the intake of alcohol and cigarettes. Palliation is also possible to lightly exercise which is mainly focused on relaxation and stretching. It is also recommended slight wobbles on relaxation balls or yoga exercises. Stiff back lumbar region can rozmasírovat various types of massages. It is also possible to apply heating or cooling creams.
Complications premenstrual syndrome
This disease usually after a few days will disappear by itself. No serious complications are not usual for him. But if the patient is treated with a mental or psychiatric illness can sometimes lead to a deterioration of just two weeks before menstruation. It is rather exceptional cases.
Other names: premenstrual tension syndrome, premenstrual stress, PMS