Description of obesity
Obesity is a disease of civilization in which there is anaccumulation of fat deposits in the body.
This is an individual fault energy management body, which was recently epidemic spread among all groups, regardless of age or social level. In the Czech Republic by modern researches overweight 73% of men and 57% of women, of which 24% of obese male and 26% female.
Great influence on body weight is resting metabolic adjustment.It is set to a certain resting energy level output. Risk for overweight is excessive austerity organism that emits little energy, which is stored in their inventory.
Its share of the adjustment of basal metabolism have a genetic predisposition, age, gender, hormonal changes and more.
Obesity can be easily diagnosed by indicators BMI (body mass index), which is calculated according to the formula: weight (kg) / height (cm) of the second Rating looks like this:
Malnutrition ………. BMI below 19
Normal weight BMI 20-25 …….
Light ……. obesity BMI 25-30
Significant obesity …… BMI 30-40
Morbid obesity BMI above 40 …..
However, this test is not suitable for athletes and people with significant muscle mass, since the ratio does not distinguish between fat and muscle to total body weight.
Risk factors for obesity
Most people think that obese people for their overweight can always be yourself. But we meet also with hereditary factors. These people suffer from disturbed biochemical processes in the body, arising from the disruption of a gene, which is about 30. Therefore, we can meet with obesity, although energy intake in the diet is very low. It is estimated, however, that the total weight of genes affecting more than 40% of the absolute weight of the individual. This means that nothing is lost, but these people have in the process of losing weight is heavier than healthy individuals.
Another factor is the abundance of food, which our body is programmed completely. The body had excess inventory to stores so. Rainy day. Very important for the development of obesity is the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The biggest risk is hidden mostly in fat. These contain more than twice the amount of energy reserves than sugars and proteins.
Hand in hand with excess food goes a reduction in energy expenditure. Lack of physical activityand sedentary lifestyle is a downside economic progress. The development of machine production, automakers and computers limited human physical activity to a minimum.
Hectic working hours, household chores and stress are omnipresent mentally so challenging that the people of the sports seek less demanding activities like watching TV shows, surf the internet and others. It causes muscle weakness and gain body fat. This reduces physical fitness and performance, increased fatigue and back pain occur from improper posture.
Furthermore, there are also other influences, which helps to obesity. These include hormonal influences caused by hypothyroidism or increased leaching of adrenal cortical hormones.
Another risk is the use of certain classes of drugs. Appetite increases eg. Antidepressants, psychotropics and different types of hormonal therapy.
And we do not forget all sorts of psychogenic factors, such as depression, frustration, stress, loneliness, and others.
Preventing obesity
Preventing obesity is to modify lifestyle. Foods that a person consumes daily, should contain all the nutrients in a reasonable amount.
It is recommended to consume food in small quantities but at frequent intervals. Suitable are whole grain products, fruits, vegetables, white meat, low fat dairy products and others.
Combustion of nutrients only accelerate movement. Go, Move it, practice and limit the activities in which you sit for a long time, for example at the computer or television. From the beginning of the walk is excellent, at least 30 minutes 3 times a week with gradually increasing.
The significant effect on weight loss has also eliminate stress.
Signs and symptoms of obesity
Unlike other diseases obese person will know at a glance. Dumpy figure and difficulty with movement symptoms are very distinctive. In addition to the BMI is a useful measure alsowaistline. For men, the recommended weight reduction in the circumference of 102 cm and females over 88 cm.
Unfortunately assertion that obesity is only a cosmetic problem, is not entirely true, because the disease is related not only to changes in body shape, but also with many other complications.
treatment of obesity
1) Composition of diet
It is very important to limit excessive energy intake, limited primarily animal fats and foods high in simple sugars. They are contained in, for example, sugary drinks, sweets and excessive sweetening.
Conversely, should increase the intake of fiber contained in fruits and vegetables.
Front man should eat small portions of food at fairly frequent intervals (8-10 times a day). It is important not to feel hungry and disregard any drastic diets and hunger strikes. They are in fact causing the yo-yo effect. After this non-physiological intervention in the metabolism of the human organism to adapt to a different economic system, and all received nutrients will all the more be stored in their fat reserves.
It is also important to limit the amount of salt and sweets.
2) Hydration
This method of treatment focuses on both the sufficient intake of fluids, and to the fluid source.
Unfit they are considered energy drinks, mineral and carbonated water.
It is recommended to drink tea and carbonated water.
Very treacherous to fight obesity is also alcohol. It contains a large amount of calories and damages the liver, resulting in faster deposition of fat in fat reserves, and is also responsible for atherosclerosis.
3) Mobilizing
This factor is very important for any influence of metabolic changes, hence the weight loss process.It prefers to exercise endurance character, eg. Walking, cycling or bike or swim preferably every day.
4) Stress
Man is by nature ready in stressful situations, either to attack or escape. Blood rushes at this point primarily to the muscles so that the person ceases to absorb nutrients and the body is ready to fight or flee.
One can, however, still in the 21st century entirely not convert. The significance of stress nowadays is rather psychological stamping, but our body reacts to it just like in times past. But we have to control, stifle anger and remain calm, which leads to stress Charged. Unless we stress effectively degrade, preferably motion, may result not only obesity, but also for many complications, e.g. increased blood pressure, insomnia, gastrointestinal problems and other diseases. In many cases, it is therefore necessary to change careers and find time for yourself and your hobbies that make us an effective antidote to the daily reality.
complications of obesity
Obesity is a dangerous disease primarily because of complications that accompanies it. Very often,cardiovascular disease (affecting the heart and circulatory system). It is usually high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (e.g. myocardial infarction, angina pectoris) and the atherosclerotic vascular changes, which may cause problems such as stroke.
Furthermore, in obese people we encountered more frequently with metabolic diseases,particularly type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus), high cholesterol levels and often gout.
High health risk for the people very overweight is also greater susceptibility to cancer. This is essentially a colon cancer, breast, renal, endometrial, prostate, lung and other organs.
Obesity is a huge burden on the bones and joints of the body. This leads to poor posture, excessive wear of the joints, decreased mobility and joint inflammation.
Most overweight people have very low self esteem. They do not believe you are suffering from depression and a variety of psychological problems. But it again addresses the increased intake of food.
Other complications include respiratory problems, skin problems, infertility, gynecological diseases and diseases of the digestive tract.
All the complications of obesity are quite serious and can not be taken lightly. Most of them can even lead to premature death. However, if the treatment is successful and manages to reduce weight, health problems begin to subside as well.
Other names: significant overweight, obesity, adiposity