Description rhymes
Rhinitis is a common disease that arises from various causes. A very common cause is infection by viruses, then it is primarilyan allergic etiology.
Rhinitis is the result of inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity, which, however, relates often sinusitis (sinuses are the cavities in the surrounding bone, which can settle infection. Such cavities are in the maxillary bone, the frontal bone, bone wedge. into the nasal cavity, also presented oral tear duct, which is why we cry when fluid flows from the nose.
Rhinitis is manifested nasal discharge that may worry irritable, may itch or burn.
The basic mechanism of inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is congestion and leads to the production of fluid. This liquid can be infiltrated with the bacteria, followed by white blood cells, which changes color secretions into white. It is also infected nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses.
As already mentioned, the most common causes are viruses. It is known about 70 kinds ofrhinoviruses, as it is an adenovirus, parainfluenza virus.
Allergic rhinitis is also very common, and occurs on the basis of early hypersensitivity. Play an important role immunoglobulins of type E. When you take a microscopic preparation affected mucous membrane, see congestion and edema (which is completely identical to a normal rhinitis), but also see admixture of eosinophils (a type of white blood cells that is present to a greater extent in allergies and infection by parasites ).
Both the above diseases are acute character. Undertreated rhinitis can be the basis for the development of chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity. The typical image of a catarrhal chronic rhinitis, which was formed on the basis of undertreated acute rhinitis. Mucosa may be damaged atrofujícím chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane may vymyzet gland and can lead to squamous metaplasia epithelium (metaplasia change is fully differentiated epithelial epithelium of another type, the original epithelium of the nasal cavity is pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which turns the tile).
Another form of chronic inflammation is hyperplastic. In it there is a multiplication of connective tissue, and sometimes produce nasal polyps.
Nasal polyps arise more frequently on the basis of allergic rhinitis (see above). Correspond mainly to edema and thickening of the connective tissue. Patients with polyps may have problems with airway obstruction, further leads to outlet obstruction sinuses, resulting in inflammation in these areas.
Typical symptoms in sinusitis (sinusitis), rhinitis, headache, sensitive outputs trigeminal like. Another predisposing factor for the development of sinusitis is nasal septum deviation, cystic fibrosis (an inherited disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene which encodes a chloride channel, and causes cysts, lung damage, sterility, etc.). or Kartagener syndrome (immobility objectives fibers epithelial cells, which leads to stagnation of mucus man afflicted Kartagenerovým syndrome is also fruitless since it has immobile sperm).
Signs and symptoms of rhinitis
The common cold is accompanied by a number of symptoms. It may appear overall fatigue orschvácenost, temperature, persistent headache, a person with bad breath. Very important is often spruce, to ensure nasal patency. The common cold usually lasts for 5-7 days, but if you persist or worsen symptoms, it is highly advisable to see a doctor.
investigations rhymes
A visit to the doctor starts a conversation in which the doctor asks for aspects of the disease, then begins an investigation. It consists in introducing a nasal mirror, checking ears and neck. The inflammation can indeed be transmitted to the middle ear. There gets called. Eustachian tube, which communicates with the nasopharynx. Orifice tube may be damaged by inflammation in the sense of swelling, so that the entrance of bacterial infection disclosed.
treatment of rhinitis
Very appropriate approach for the treatment of rhinitis by nasal drops, which keep the nasal patency. This prevents development of complications such as rhinitis, otitis, infections can continue into the pharynx, larynx and the like.
Treatment of acute rhinitis are not necessary, bedrest or application of nose drops.
Supportive therapy is based on sufficient intake of vitamins, especially vitamin C. It is also important enough fluids. Generally, it is recommended to blow his nose as possible.
In allergic rhinitis substances are used for alleviating allergy, nasal septal deviation in the spotsurgery, as well as of nasal polyps and the like.
In suspected bacterial infection, which often develops a fever of viral origin, may take a sample for microbiological examination and deploy antibiotics.
Other Names: rhinitis, rhinitis, rhinitis, rhinorrhea, rhinorrhoea, allergic rhinitis, chronic catarrhal rhinitis