Into the upper respiratory tract are counted kidneys and ureters.

Kidney (renes, nefros)

The parenchymal organ paired bean-shaped and dark red to brown in color. Retroperitoneally they are stored under the abdominal cavity, where they are protected fins and adipose tissue. Their dimensions are 9-12 × 6 × 3 cm, weighs about 150 grams.

They consist of several parts:

• Renal medulla (Medullarenalis) in which they are called. Pyramids, renal chalices, draining urine into the renal pelvis.
• Kidney cortex (Cortexrenalis) – brighter layer in which is located nephrons
• Renal pelvis (Pelvis renal artery) converge in the renal chalices, which brings her urine, she continues into the ureter.

Nephron: basic functional and structural unit of the kidney. It consists of a filter portion, i.e. glomeruli, fetal capillaries in the housing – Bowman pouch.

Tubular parts – the passages of the first and second order, which connects the loop of Henle.

Renal function

• Urine – through her work come from the body of waste products is regulated by the volume of fluid in the body, maintaining acid-base balance.
• Filtration – is to ensure in the glomerulus, which brings the primary urine in which the body and the benefit agent.,
• Resorption – many substances are returned to the body, urine is concentrated.
• Secretion – creating a definitive urine pH control.
• Endocrine function – the creation of renin, erythropoietin, 1,2-dihydroxycholecalciferol
• Blood pressure regulation

The last part of the upper urinary tract are the ureters – tubular bodies formed by draining urine into the bladder.